All over the world, growers are struggling with the presence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV). The situation is also a challenge for North African growers. Resistant varieties can be a solution, but not all growers are able or willing to switch to such varieties yet. These growers are looking for methods that allow them to effectively grow non-resistant varieties. Administering Tobre, a biostimulant, is one of these methods.
Since the end of last year, John van Ruyven of JVR Tecmar has been supplying the biostimulant to growers. He finds that there is a worldwide interest in this approach, and he sees that many crops have overcome the virus thanks to Tobre. Recently, he also started seeing growers drip a dye along to see where Tobre is in the plant after uptake. "This can be done using a UV lamp," he says.
Virus prevention measures
In North Africa, a tomato grower with 38.5 hectares has also been using Tobre since the beginning of this year. At the end of winter, symptoms of infection surfaced, says the grower who is happy to share his experiences with Tobre, but anonymously. From a commercial point of view, his company doesn't really want go public about the contamination.
The grower grows eight different tomato varieties on gutters. The irrigation water is derived from a well. The irrigation water is not disinfected before irrigating the varieties that are not yet ToBRFV-resistant.
Still infected
To keep the virus out, the grower already took several measures: disinfecting the staff's clothing every day, disinfecting hands with 2% Virkon S. Feet, vinyl gloves, carts, and crates are also constantly disinfected.
However, the grower still got infected. At the end of the winter, symptoms of the virus began to be noticed, especially in the crop. "Almost all fruits had a normal appearance and color. Less than 0.1% of the fruits showed some abnormal color spots on the skin during the last weeks of the season."
Measurements
After the contamination, the grower took various measurements such as fencing off infected areas, reducing movement in the greenhouse, and carrying out tests to detect the virus. Meanwhile, cultivation did continue, including the usual measurements that growers take. "We measure growth, stem diameter, leaf area of a crop, fruit weight etc," he said.
Thanks to those measurements, the grower, who started using Tobre because of the ToBRFV infection, can now also see the effects of using the biostimulant. "We measured the stem diameter and leaf area of the crop. Three weeks after starting co-dripping and spraying Tobre we saw that the infected crop stabilized. The crop stopped deteriorating and managed to recover."
Tracking the plant
Besides the effects of using Tobre, which were reflected in the behavior of the plant, growers also explore a control mechanism: a fluorescent dye. "We add 1.66 milligrams of fluorescent dye per 100 milliliters of water. And then use a UV lamp to see how the crop absorbs Tobre," he says. Fluorescein absorbs UV radiation, and re-emits it as visible green light which makes the plant 'glow'."
Dosage
The grower decided to apply the product directly to the infected crops without testing it beforehand. He already knew that some of his colleagues had good experiences with the product. In line with John's advice, the grower drips and sprays the biostimulant along. "Adding Tobre to the irrigation water does seventy percent of the work. We find that spraying takes care of the other thirty percent," John stresses.
In the tomato greenhouse in North Africa, the chosen dosage is 15 liters per hectare per week as an addition to irrigation water for infected areas. When the crop is virus-free, the dosage is 6 liters per hectare per week. The grower also sprays a dosage of 10 liters per hectare per week for infected areas, and 5 liters per hectare per week for crops free of ToBRFV.
The North African tomato grower intends to continue using Tobre preventively because of his good experiences.
Recently, a cucumber grower from Lithuania also shared his experiences with Tobre. The biostumulant is not 'new', but many growers are not familiar with the product. John is testing with growers, also in the Netherlands.
For more information:
John van Ruyven
JVR Tecmar
[email protected]
www.jvrtecmar.nl